A). Mental Retardation (MR), now more commonly referred to as Intellectual Disability, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (such as reasoning, learning, and problem-solving) and adaptive behavior, which affects daily life skills like communication, self-care, and social interactions. This condition originates during the developmental period, typically before the age of 18.
Definition of Mental Retardation (MR)
MR is defined by an IQ score below approximately 70-75 and deficits in adaptive behavior necessary for everyday functioning. Symptoms may include delayed developmental milestones, difficulties in learning and comprehension, limited social skills, communication problems, inability to perform daily self-care tasks independently, behavioral challenges, and poor decision-making abilities.
Symptoms of MR
- Delayed milestones (sitting, walking, talking)
- Learning difficulties and poor academic performance
- Limited social and communication skills
- Dependence in daily activities like dressing and eating
- Behavioral problems such as emotional outbursts
- Poor judgment and short attention span
- Motor skill impairments affecting coordination.